Key Case Laws

This page provides the key case laws in which we operate to. A full list of case laws can be found in the penal code.

Terry v. Ohio: An officer with reasonable suspicion that the suspect has committed, is committing or may be about to commit a crime, and that the suspect is armed and dangerous, may conduct a ‘stop and frisk’ on a suspect without probable cause to arrest. Reasonable suspicion must be based on “Specific and articulable facts” not just a hunch.
Carroll v. United States: Vehicles may be searched without the need of a warrant so long as there is probable cause to believe evidence is present in the vehicle.
Tennessee v. Garner: A police officer may use deadly force to prevent the escape of a fleeing suspect only if the officer has a good-faith belief that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others.
Miranda v. Arizona: Under the Fifth Amendment, any statements that a defendant in custody makes during an interrogation are admissible as evidence at a criminal trial only if law enforcement told the defendant of the right to remain silent and the right to speak with an attorney before the interrogation started and the rights were either exercised or waived in a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent manner.